Over 80% of the world's population already lives in cities and towns; they contribute disproportionately to global carbon emissions and are especially vulnerable to climate change impacts. Built areas are thus central both to the causes of climate change and to its solutions. To ensure a livable and sustainable future, urban areas must enhance their climate resilience and adopt strategies for adapting to extreme events. This course introduces the processes shaping urban climates and their interactions with broader Earth systems, with a focus on the biophysical impact of urbanization on local, regional, and global climate.